All triangles have 3 sides and 3 angles which always add up to 180°.

The Triangle Inequality Theorem states that:
The longest side of any triangle must be less than the sum of the other 2 sides.

Triangles are classified in 2 ways-

1) By the number of equal sides they have:

• scalene – all 3 sides have different lengths
• isosceles – 2 sides have equal lengths
• equilateral – all 3 sides are equal

2) By the types of angles they have:

• acute triangle – all 3 angles are acute (less than 90°)
• right triangle – has one right angle (a right angle = 90°)
• obtuse triangle – has one obtuse angle (an obtuse angle is greater than 90° and less than 180°).

When these 2 categories are combined, there are 7 possible triangles:

• acute scalene (diagram A)
• right scalene (B) – all right triangles are scalene (except diagram E).
• obtuse scalene (C)

• acute isosceles (diagram D)
• right isosceles (E) also known as a 45° 45° 90° triangle.
• obtuse isosceles (F)

• equilateral (G) all sides are equal and each angle = 60°, making this the only equiangular triangle.

Since all 3 angles are less than 90° all equilateral triangles are acute triangles.

There is one more type of triangle that is worth mentioning.
An oblique triangle is any triangle that is not a right triangle.

1) The most well-known triangle area formula is multiplying the length of the base by the height (also called the altitude), and dividing that by 2.

2) If you know the length of all 3 sides of a triangle, you can calculate the area by using Heron’s Formula (sometimes called Hero’s Formula).

First we have to define a triangle’s perimeter which is (side a + side b + side c).
A triangle’s semi-perimeter (or ‘s’) is one half of the perimeter or to put it another way:

semi-perimeter = (side a + side b + side c) ÷ 2Example: A triangle has side a = 4, side b = 5 and side c = 6. What is its area?
The perimeter = 4 + 5 + 6 = 15.
The semi-perimeter is one half of this or 7.5
Using Heron’s formula,

area = square root (s • (s – a) • (s – b) • (s – c))

area = square root (s • (s – 4) • (s – 5) • (s – 6))
area = square root (7.5 • (7.5 – 4) • (7.5 – 5) • (7.5 – 6))
area = square root (7.5 • (3.5) • (2.5) • (1.5))
area = square root (98.4375)
area = 9.921567416…

By algebraic manipulation we can state Heron’s Formula in two more ways.

3) If you know 2 sides and an included angle, there is a third formula for determining triangle area.

This formula applies to all triangles and not just right triangles.Area = ½ • side 1 • sine (A) • side 2This is an easy formula to prove. First, we use the traditional formula:
Area = ½ • height • base     then we can substitute side 2 for the base:
Area = ½ • height • side 2

Since sine (A) = height / side 1     then height = side 1 • sine(A)
and then area = ½ • side 1 • sine (A) • side 2

This calculator determines triangle area by using any of the 3 methods above.
If you need a more advanced triangle calculator then click here.