The number of Supreme Court Justices is set by Congress and not by the Constitution.

Originally, the Supreme Court had six justices.

Then in 1807, the number was increased to seven.

1837 – Nine Justices

1863 – Ten Justices

1866 – Seven Justices

1869 to present – Nine Justices

# Assoc
or
Chief
Justice?		 Name State Born-Died Served As
Associate
Justice		 Served As
Chief
Justice		 Appointed by
President:
1 C John Jay NY 1745 1829   1789 1795 Washington
2 A & C John Rutledge SC 1739 1800 1789 1791 1795-1795 Washington
3 A William Cushing MA 1732 1810 1789 1810   Washington
4 A James Wilson PA 1742 1798 1789 1798   Washington
5 A John Blair, Jr. VA 1732 1800 1789 1795   Washington
6 A James Iredell NC 1751 1799 1790 1799   Washington
7 A Thomas Johnson MD 1732 1819 1792 1793   Washington
8 A William Paterson NJ 1745 1806 1793 1806   Washington
9 A Samuel Chase MD 1741 1811 1796 1811   Washington
10 C Oliver Ellsworth CT 1745 1807   1796 1800 Washington
11 A Bushrod Washington VA 1762 1829 1798 1829   J Adams
12 A Alfred Moore NC 1755 1810 1800 1804   J Adams
13 C John Marshall VA 1755 1835   1801 1835 J Adams
14 A William Johnson SC 1771 1834 1804 1834   Jefferson
15 A Henry Brockholst Livingston NY 1757 1823 1807 1823   Jefferson
16 A Thomas Todd KY 1765 1826 1807 1826   Jefferson
17 A Gabriel Duvall MD 1752 1844 1811 1835   Madison
18 A Joseph Story MA 1779 1845 1812 1845   Madison
19 A Smith Thompson NY 1768 1843 1823 1843   Monroe
20 A Robert Trimble KY 1776 1828 1826 1828   JQ Adams
21 A John McLean OH 1785 1861 1829 1861   Jackson
22 A Henry Baldwin PA 1780 1844 1830 1844   Jackson
23 A James Moore Wayne GA 1790 1867 1835 1867   Jackson
24 C Roger B. Taney MD 1777 1864   1836 1864 Jackson
25 A Philip Pendleton Barbour VA 1783 1841 1836 1841   Jackson
26 A John Catron TN 1786 1865 1837 1865   Jackson
27 A John McKinley AL 1780 1852 1837 1852   Van Buren
28 A Peter Vivian Daniel VA 1784 1860 1842 1860   Van Buren
29 A Samuel Nelson NY 1792 1873 1845 1872   Tyler
30 A Levi Woodbury NH 1789 1851 1845 1851   Polk
31 A Robert Cooper Grier PA 1794 1870 1846 1870   Polk
32 A Benjamin Robbins Curtis MA 1809 1874 1851 1857   Fillmore
33 A John Archibald Campbell AL 1811 1889 1853 1861   Pierce
34 A Nathan Clifford ME 1803 1881 1858 1881   Buchanan
35 A Noah Haynes Swayne OH 1804 1884 1862 1881   Lincoln
36 A Samuel Freeman Miller IA 1816 1890 1862 1890   Lincoln
37 A David Davis IL 1815 1886 1862 1877   Lincoln
38 A Stephen Johnson Field CA 1816 1899 1863 1897   Lincoln
39 C Salmon P. Chase OH 1808 1873   1864 1873 Lincoln
40 A William Strong PA 1808 1895 1870 1880   Grant
41 A Joseph P. Bradley NJ 1813 1892 1870 1892   Grant
42 A Ward Hunt NY 1810 1886 1873 1882   Grant
43 C Morrison Waite OH 1816 1888   1874 1888 Grant
44 A John Marshall Harlan KY 1833 1911 1877 1911   Hayes
45 A William Burnham Woods AL 1824 1887 1881 1887   Hayes
46 A Stanley Matthews OH 1824 1889 1881 1889   Garfield
47 A Horace Gray MA 1828 1902 1882 1902   Arthur
48 A Samuel Blatchford NY 1820 1893 1882 1893   Arthur
49 A Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus Lamar MS 1825 1893 1888 1893   Cleveland
50 C Melville Fuller IL 1833 1910   1888 1910 Cleveland
51 A David Josiah Brewer KS 1837 1910 1890 1910   B Harrison
52 A Henry Billings Brown MI 1836 1913 1891 1906   B Harrison
53 A George Shiras, Jr. PA 1832 1924 1892 1903   B Harrison
54 A Howell Edmunds Jackson TN 1832 1895 1893 1895   B Harrison
55 A & C Edward Douglass White LA 1845 1921 1894 1910 1910 1921 Cleveland (A)
Taft (C)
56 A Rufus Wheeler Peckham NY 1838 1909 1896 1909   Cleveland
57 A Joseph McKenna CA 1843 1926 1898 1925   McKinley
58 A Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. MA 1841 1932 1902 1932   T Roosevelt
59 A William Rufus Day OH 1849 1923 1903 1922   T Roosevelt
60 A William Henry Moody MA 1853 1917 1906 1910   T Roosevelt
61 A Horace Harmon Lurton TN 1844 1914 1910 1914   Taft
62 A & C Charles Evans Hughes NY 1862 1948 1910 1916 1930-1941 Taft (A)
Hoover (C)
63 A Willis Van Devanter WY 1859 1941 1911 1937   Taft
64 A Joseph Rucker Lamar GA 1857 1916 1911 1916   Taft
65 A Mahlon Pitney NJ 1858 1924 1912 1922   Taft
66 A James Clark McReynolds TN 1862 1946 1914 1941   Wilson
67 A Louis Dembitz Brandeis MA 1856 1941 1916 1939   Wilson
68 A John Hessin Clarke OH 1857 1945 1916 1922   Wilson
69 C William Howard Taft OH 1857 1930   1921 1930 Harding
70 A George Sutherland UT 1862 1942 1922 1938   Harding
71 A Pierce Butler MN 1866 1939 1923 1939   Harding
72 A Edward Terry Sanford TN 1865 1930 1923 1930   Harding
73 A & C Harlan Fiske Stone NY 1872 1946 1925 1941 1941 1946 Coolidge (A)
F Roosevelt (C)
74 A Owen Josephus Roberts PA 1875 1955 1930 1945   Hoover
75 A Benjamin Nathan Cardozo NY 1870 1938 1932 1938   Hoover
76 A Hugo Lafayette Black AL 1886 1971 1937 1971   F Roosevelt
77 A Stanley Forman Reed KY 1884 1980 1938 1957   F Roosevelt
78 A Felix Frankfurter MA 1882 1965 1939 1962   F Roosevelt
79 A William Orville Douglas CT 1898 1980 1939 1975   F Roosevelt
80 A Frank Murphy MI 1890 1949 1940 1949   F Roosevelt
81 A James Francis Byrnes SC 1882 1972 1941 1942   F Roosevelt
82 A Robert Houghwout Jackson NY 1892 1954 1941 1954   F Roosevelt
83 A Wiley Blount Rutledge IA 1894 1949 1943 1949   F Roosevelt
84 A Harold Hitz Burton OH 1888 1964 1945 1958   Truman
85 C Fred M. Vinson KY 1890 1953   1946 1953 Truman
86 A Tom Campbell Clark TX 1899 1977 1949 1967   Truman
87 A Sherman Minton IN 1890 1965 1949 1956   Truman
88 C Earl Warren CA 1891 1974   1953 1969 Eisenhower
89 A John Marshall Harlan II NY 1899 1971 1955 1971   Eisenhower
90 A William J. Brennan, Jr. NJ 1906 1997 1956 1990   Eisenhower
91 A Charles Evans Whittaker MO 1901 1973 1957 1962   Eisenhower
92 A Potter Stewart OH 1915 1985 1958 1981   Eisenhower
93 A Byron Raymond White CO 1917 2002 1962 1993   Kennedy
94 A Arthur Joseph Goldberg IL 1908 1990 1962 1965   Kennedy
95 A Abe Fortas TN 1910 1982 1965 1969   L Johnson
96 A Thurgood Marshall NY 1908 1993 1967 1991   L Johnson
97 C Warren E. Burger MN 1907 1995   1969 1986 Nixon
98 A Harry A. Blackmun MN 1908 1999 1970 1994   Nixon
99 A Lewis F. Powell, Jr. VA 1907 1998 1972 1987   Nixon
100 A & C William H. Rehnquist AZ 1924-2005 1972 1986 1986-2005 Nixon (A)
Reagan (C)
101 A John Paul Stevens IL 1920 2019 1975 2010   Ford
102 A Sandra Day O’Connor AZ 1930 1981 2006   Reagan
103 A Antonin Scalia VA 1936 2016 1986 2016   Reagan
104 A Anthony M. Kennedy CA 1936 1988 2018   Reagan
105 A David H. Souter NH 1939 1990 2009   GHW Bush
106 A Clarence Thomas * GA 1948 1991 now   GHW Bush
107 A Ruth Bader Ginsburg NY 1933 2020 1993 2020   Clinton
108 A Stephen G. Breyer MA 1938 1994 2022   Clinton
109 C John G. Roberts * MD 1955   2005 now GW Bush
110 A Samuel A. Alito, Jr. * NJ 1950 2006 now   GW Bush
111 A Sonia Sotomayor * NY 1954 2009 now   Obama
112 A Elena Kagan * MA 1960 2010 now   Obama
113 A Neil Gorsuch * CO 1967 2017 now   Trump
114 A Brett Kavanaugh * MD 1965 2018 now   Trump
115 A Amy Coney Barrett * LA 1972 2020 now   Trump
116 A Ketanji Brown Jackson * DC 1970 2022 now   Biden

* Justice is currently serving

Ketanji Brown Jackson became a Supreme Court Justice on June 30, 2022 when Justice Stephen Breyer retired.

A – Associate Justice

C – Chief Justice

A & C – Associate Justice and Chief Justice

There have been 99 Associate Justices, 12 Chief Justices and 5 people (John Rutledge, Edward Douglass White, Charles Evans Hughes, Harlan Fiske Stone, William H. Rehnquist) have been both an Associate Justice and a Chief Justice.

The longest serving Chief Justice was John Marshall (#13) for 34 years. The longest serving Associate Justice was William O. Douglas (#79) for 36 years. The justice who served the shortest time was Thomas Johnson (#7) for 163 days.

Four US Presidents (William Henry Harrison, Zachary Taylor, Andrew Johnson, Jimmy Carter) made no appointments to the United States Supreme Court.